Abb.

縮寫

Specimen

樣本

Container

容器

Collection Notes

收集撮要

Abs/S

W/S

Abscess/ Wound

Swab

Remove surface exudates by wiping with sterile saline or 70% alcohol.

• For open wound: Aspirate if possible. Place fluid or tissue in sterile container. Syringes are acceptable if delivered promptly.
• For closed wound: Aspirate abscess wall material with needle and syringe. Syringes are acceptable if delivered promptly.

W/S

Superficial

wound

Swab

Disinfect surface of the wound with 70% alcohol. Aspirate if possible. If swab is used, obtain at the time of incision, drainage or debridement of wound.

Biopsy/ Bone/

Tissue

70mL

Sterile

Container

Submit in sterile container without formalin. Specimen may be kept moist with 0.85% sterile saline.

Sterile

Body Fluids

(Abdominal, Ascites, Bile,

Synovial, Pleural,

Pericardial,

Peritoneal)

70mL

Sterile

Container

Disinfect overlying skin with iodine tincture.

Generally, specimens are obtained via percutaneous needles aspiration or surgery.

Transfer fluid to sterile container or blood culture bottles with syringe.

Blood Culture

Blood

Culture

Bottle

An aseptic technique is critical to proper blood culture collection. Clean venipuncture site with 70% alcohol then with iodine. 8-10 ml in adults, 1-3 ml in children is the minimum amount for each episode.

Sputum

70mL

Sterile

Container

Educate the patient about the difference between sputum and oral secretions. Have the patient rinse the mouth with water and then expectorate deep cough sputum directly into a sterile screw-up collection cup or sterile dry container.

Oropharyngeal

(OP) swab

Swab

Insert swab into the posterior pharynx and tonsillar areas. Rub swab over both tonsillar pillars and posterior oropharynx, avoid touching the tongue, teeth, and gums. Place the OP swabs immediately into a sterile vial containing suitable transport media (but no antibiotics).

N/S

Nasopharyngeal (NP) swab

Swab

Insert a flexible wire shaft swab through the nares parallel to the palate (and not upwards) until resistance is encountered or the distance is equivalent to that from the ear to the nostril of the patient, indicating contact with the nasopharnyx. Gently rub and roll the swab, and then leave the swab in place for several seconds to absorb secretions before withdrawing. Place the NP swabs immediately into a sterile vial containing suitable transport media (but no antibiotics).

Nasopharyngeal

wash/ aspirate

70mL

Sterile

Container

Have the patient sit with head tilted slightly backward. Instill

1-1.5mL of nonbacteriostatic saline (pH 7) into one nostril. Flush a plastic catheter or tubing with 2-3mL of saline. Insert the tubing into the nostril parallel to the palate (and not upwards). Aspirate the nasopharyngeal secretions. If possible, repeat this procedure with the other nostril. Collect the specimens in sterile vials.

Urethral Swab

Swab

Female:

• Expose urethral meatus by gently pulling labia minora up and back with non-dominant hand.
• Swab exposed discharge at tip of meatus. Do not touch labia.

Male:

• Using non-dominant band, hold penis near the tip. Retract foreskin if the patient is not circumcised.
• Swab area of discharge at tip of penis.
• Insert swab inner meatus (1/2 inch). Rotate and remove.
• Return foreskin to natural position, if applicable.

DO NOT REFRIGERATE THE SPECIMEN AND TRANSPORT TO LABORATORY IMMEDIATELY.

Cervical or

Endocervical

Swab

Swab

Visualize the cervix using a speculum without lubricant. Remove mucous and secretions from the cervix with sterile polyester swab and discard the swab. With a second sterile polyester swab, sample the endocervical canal.

DO NOT REFRIGERATE THE SPECIMEN AND TRANSPORT TO LABORATORY IMMEDIATELY.

Skin Scrapings

70mL

Sterile

Container

Clean the area with 70% alcohol. Scrape area at the active margin of the lesion. Place scrapings into a sterile container.

Nail

70mL

Sterile

Container

Wipe nail with 70% alcohol. Clip away the affected areas and

collect material or debris from under the nail. Submit specimen in a sterile container.

Faecal

specimens

Universal

container/

70mL

Sterile

Container

Pass stool directly into a sterile or clean, wide mouth, leak proof container.

Pass stool into clean, dry bedpan and transfer to container.

Cover toilet seat with plastic wrap and transfer to a clean or sterile container.

*Female patient should avoid stool collection during menstral period.

R/S

Rectal Swab

Swab

Pass the tips of a sterile swab approximately one inch beyond the anal sphincter. Carefully rotate the swab to sample the anal crypts, and then withdraw the swab.

Cellulose tape

slide

Slide

Container/

Bag

Pinworm ova are deposited on the skin around the anal opening. Specimen should be taken early in the morning or during the night before bathing or using the toilet. Wear gloves, and at the anal opening, press the sticky side of a 1-inch scotch tape against the skin around the anal opening. Carefully place the sticky tape on a clean glass slide. Place them in a plastic slide container or bag securely fastened.